Juliet Cohen asked:


Angina pectoris is the result of myocardial ischemia caused by an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and oxygen demand. In most cases, the lack of blood supply is due to a narrowing of the coronary arteries as a result of arteriosclerosis. This pain is known as angina. It is more likely to occur during exertion (e.g. walking, climbing stairs) when the heart muscle needs more blood and oxygen as it works harder. Angina usually occurs during exertion, severe emotional stress, or after a heavy meal. During these periods, the heart muscle demands more blood oxygen than the narrowed coronary arteries can deliver. Angina is common. It affects about 1 in 50 people and there are estimated to be 1.2 million people with angina in the UK. It is more common in men than women and the likelihood of it occurring increases with age. Angina also can occur in people with valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (this is an enlarged heart due to disease) or uncontrolled high blood pressure. Typical angina is uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. Many types of chest discomfort aren’t related to angina. Acid reflux (heartburn) and lung infection or inflammation are examples.

Causes of Angina

The common Causes of Angina :

Heart failure

Narrowing of the aortic heart valve

Anaemia,

Abnormal heart rhythms

Fast, abnormal heart rhythms,

Diseases of the heart muscle.

Coronary artery spasm (also called Prinzmetal’s angina)

Symptoms of Angina

Some Symptoms of Angina :

Shortness of breath

Nausea

Feeling of moderate to severe indigestion that is persistent

Perspiration

Sharp, burning or cramping pain

Numbness or a loss of feeling in your arms, shoulders or wrists.

May also occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back

Usually start in the chest behind the breastbone

Treatment of Angina

Eliminating or minimizing risk factors of coronary artery disease by treating high blood pressure, lowering high cholesterol levels, quitting smoking, exercise and weight loss if needed.

Drug therapy, including beta-blockers, nitrates (such as nitroglycerin), calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-clotting drugs

Rest.

Angiography may be performed if symptoms do not improve to help determine if coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty is needed

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is a new technique for relieving severe angina or coronary artery disease in patients unable to have bypass surgery or angioplasty.

Lowering LDL cholesterol levels as much as possible using drugs .

Hospitalization if the symptoms get worse quickly.



Ellen

Juliet Cohen asked:


CREST (Limited scleroderma) is a kind of Systemic Sclerosis (scleroderma) which is characterized by Calcinosis , normally in the fingers. Scleroderma is a chronic disease characterized by undue deposits of collagen in the rind or new organs. The localized character of the disease, while disabling, tends not to be deadly. There are two forms of scleroderma: systemic and localized. CREST syndrome is associated with the limited kind of the disease then often so that the terms were used interchangeably, though limited scleroderma is the condition doctors are now more possible to take. In normal cases of limited scleroderma.

Raynaud’s phenomenon may predate scleroderma by several years. Raynaud’s phenomenon is payable to vasoconstriction of the tiny arteries of exposed peripheries – especially the hands and feet – in the cold. It is classically characterised by a triphasic coloration difference – best light-colored, so dark and eventually crimson on rewarming. CREST syndrome disorder that leads to thickening, hardening and tightening of your rind and connective tissue. In localized scleroderma the harm is confined to your rind and the tissue just beneath it. Other symptoms include aches and pains in the joints, heartburn, trouble swallowing and shortness of breather.

Usually these symptoms seem in the late stages of the disease when there is harm of the esophagus, eye and lungs. Additionally, folk with modest scleroderma may too have interstitial lung disease and higher blood force in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension. Limited scleroderma has no known remedy, but medical and nonmedical therapies is useful this circumstance. Antibiotic minocycline can sometimes cut inflammation and ulcers in serious calcinosis. Very big or traumatic calcium deposits are sometimes surgically removed. Certain lifestyle changes can assist cut problems with swallowing and particularly with acidic reflux.

These measures include eating tiny meals that stress soft-textured foods; waiting three to four hours after a meal before lying downward; and avoiding alcohol, caffeine, coffee and spicy foods, which can exacerbate heartburn. In addition, several medications are accessible for treating pulmonary hypertension, including epoprostenol (Flolan), iloprost (Ventavis), treprostinil (Remodulin), bosentan (Tracleer) and sildenafil (Revatio. Epoprostenol, iloprost, treprostinil and sildenafil job by opening upward the blood vessels in your lungs. There is no known prevention. Minimize vulnerability to silica debris and polyvinyl chloride.



Kenneth

Juliet Cohen asked:


Heartburn or pyrosis is a painful or burning sensation in the esophagus. Heartburn is a form of indigestion. Heartburn is a burning feeling in the lower chest, along with a sour or bitter taste in the throat and mouth. It usually occurs after eating a big meal or while lying down. Heartburn is also identified as one of the causes of chronic cough, and may even mimic asthma. Heartburn is linked to eating habits and posture. It happens when acid from your stomach gets forced upwards into the oesophagus ,This is called acid reflux. About 30% of adults experience occasional heartburn, while 10% experience heartburn every day.

About 25% of pregnant women have heartburn or related symptoms. Heartburn is an irritation of the esophagus caused by acid that refluxes from the stomach. Some other factors that can make heartburn worse include certain foods, such as fatty foods, spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, onions, tomato sauce, carbonated beverages and mint, alcohol ,large meals ,lying down too soon after eating and certain medications, including sedatives, antidepressants and calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure. Cigarette smoking is main cause of heartburn.The primary symptom of heartburn is a burning pain in your chest, under your breastbone.

This pain may decay when you bend over, lie down or eat. It may also be more frequent or worse at night. Most people can control the irritation of heartburn with lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications. Several kinds of medicine can be used to treat heartburn. H2 blockers (Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac) reduce the amount of acid your stomach makes. Other medicines, such as omeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid), also reduce how much acid the stomach makes. Metoclopramide (Reglan) reduces acid reflux. If the heartburn continues, you may need prescription surgery.

Heartburn Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. Smoking may increase stomach acid.

2. Antispasmodic drugs and motility stimulants may be prescribed.

3. Alginates are useful when there is reflux of stomach acid.

4. Eat smaller meals reduces pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter.

5. Acid suppressants, such as histamine H2-antagonists also helpful.

6. Antacids, such as maalox, rolaids and Tums, neutralize stomach acid and can provide quick relief.



Beverly

Juliet Cohen asked:


Coughing is an important way to keep your throat and airways clear. Coughing is an action the body takes to get rid of burden that are irritating the air passages. In the more advanced stages, it’s marked by the symptom that gives the disease its name: a severe, hacking cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like “whoop. Coughing can also be triggered by a bolus of food going down the trachea instead of the esophagus due to a failure of the epiglottis although this may result in choking instead. Worldwide, there were over 45 million cases of whooping cough and 409,000 deaths in 1997 making this easy-to-prevent disease one of the leading causes of illness and death. Provided the patient is a non-smoker and has a normal chest X-ray the cause of chronic cough in 93% of all patients is due to asthma reflux ( heartburn ) or post-nasal drip. Other causes of chronic cough include chronic bronchitis and medications such as ACE inhibitors. Coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick caused by a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.

Causes of Cough

The common Causes of Cough :

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) .

Lung disease such as bronchiectasis interstitial lung disease, or tumors.

Exposure to secondhand smoke. 

Allergies and asthma.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( emphysema or chronic bronchitis ).

Lung infections such as pneumonia or acute bronchitis.

Cigarette smoking.

ACE inhibitors (medications used to control blood pressure).

Symptoms of Cough

Some Symptoms of Cough :

A runny nose

Dry cough

Nasal congestion

A mild fever

Sneezing

General feeling of being unwell and loss of appetite

Red, watery eyes

Treatment of Cough

Antitussives should not be given when the cough is productive and the patient is bringing up mucus. If the cough is keeping the patient awake at night, then their use at bedtime is indicated.

Antihistamines and decongestants may be a good choice for treating coughs associated with post nasal drip.

Elevate your head with extra pillows at night to ease a dry cough.

Don’t smoke and stay away from secondhand smoke.

Antitussives are useful in suppressing dry, hacking coughs. (Specific products may be recommended by a physician or pharmacist.)

If you have allergies year round, cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers, use an air purifier, and avoid pets and other triggers.

For patients with underlying disease states causing the cough, treatment should first be based on treating the underlying disease.

Antitussives are useful in suppressing dry, hacking coughs.



Greg

jeniferhobson asked:


Have you ever undergo from burning and discomforting feelings in your chest area? If so, it should make you surprise what causes heartburn. Heartburn can make you undergo these painful sensations at different times and under different situation. Whether you are doing nothing more than lying down or are bending down. Heartburn pain will make you desire you knew what causes heartburns so that you can know how to keep away from the trouble in the primary place.

Acidic Contents role in Heartburn

Heartburn due to the contents (mostly acid) leaving your stomach and ingoing into your esophagus. The problem is that this acidic content which enters in your esophagus irritates with burns and inflames the esophagus and due to this discomforting pain arises. To answer the question what causes heartburn just and in a matter of truth way you will first of all require to seem at the type of foods and drinks you have been consuming.

It is well identified that more than 90% of heartburn cases are caused by the incorrect kinds of foods and drinks. It is therefore essential that you study about which foods and drinks can make you undergo from heartburn and then to keep away from these items totally. One more way of answering the question what causes heartburn is to begin to seem at the anatomy of the association between your stomach and esophagus. In between these 2 body parts lies the lower esophageal sphincter whose major function is to avoid foods and liquids from leaving your stomach and ingoing into the esophagus.

Therefore, as the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions you will find your answer to what causes heartburn. There are lots of reasons why the lower esophageal sphincter can malfunction including old age and inappropriate relaxation of the sphincter. Yet one more answer to the question what causes heartburn is that you have to seem at certain types of drinks that, at what time consumed, will cause the lower esophageal sphincter to calm down and so leads to heartburn. Smoking can also be measured a cause of heartburn; mostly because the smoke from your cigarette causes the lower esophageal sphincter to weaken and when pressure is vanished, the acidic foods and liquids present in the stomach are capable to release the calm sphincter and then break out into the esophagus.

It is simple to observe that maybe the most excellent answer as to what causes heartburn is that the lower esophageal sphincter has become weak or is malfunctioning. This weakness or malfunctioning allows the acidic content to escape into the esophagus and there causes considerable suffering. No doubt, there are lots of other causes as well that can lead to heartburn. For instance, you can answer the question what causes heartburn by saying that wearing excessively tight clothes too leads to heartburn and the similar is the case when you lie down too soon later than having consumed a meal.

Among foods that cause heartburn you should primary of all contain citrus fruits and tomatoes; jointly these two items contain surplus of stomach acids and that in turn is the main cause why people undergo from heartburn.

The quest to correctly recognize and answer what causes heartburn has led man to try various solutions. Heartburn is fairly a widespread problem and even natural remedies have been proven to be quite successful in treating the difficulty. From obtainable information regarding what causes heartburn it has been establish that certain way of life, physical troubles as well as wrong selection of food and drinks are the main culprits that lead to heartburn and plenty of consequent discomfort.



Kenneth

Jeff Martin asked:


Heartburn is a phenomenon that is very difficult to control and for that reason strikes fear into many people. The highly painful feeling in the chest can make people panic and have them running after prescription medicaments in an attempt to get short-term alleviation. Conventional medicine is seldom any real good for fixing heartburn. Instead of insisting on a solution that does not get you the improvement you want, then changing for heartburn natural relief will be a much better move. This is because conventional medication does nothing to alleviate the effects of heartburn in the long term. As soon as it wears off, heartburn comes back with a vengeance. For real long-term solutions the solution lies elsewhere in alternative ways of cure the problem. The easiest and the most effective is heartburn natural relief.

Heartburn natural relief-what does this do?

Using herbs and natural medicines that make positive contributions without any undesirable side effects, natural heartburn medicine draws on natural substances and other medicinal plants including neem and aloe vera. These medicines are freely available where you live. Heartburn natural relief is in this sense a new answer to the problem of heartburn and related matters. Using a holism program, heartburn natural relief allows you to banish this problem by acting on and removing the causal agents. And as a bonus, heartburn natural relief can also be used immediately on any symptoms. If you like, make your own pulp version for heartburn natural relief from the natural substances indicated. An alternative treatments specialist will also be able to inform you about the logic and the optimal effectiveness of heartburn natural relief.

Should I use Heartburn Natural Relief?

Heartburn natural relief is very effective in relieving all kinds of cases of heartburn. It is however most effective if taken regularly over time rather than just on those occasions when heartburn attacks. The effectiveness of Natural heartburn relief also depends on the reason behind the heartburn and the intensity. Mild cases of heartburn can get almost instantaneous relief. The natural relief means a high chance of eliminating mild heartburn completely.

In other cases heartburn may be the external face of otherwise hidden illnesses such as GERD. If this is true, intense long-term treatment for heartburn natural relief may be required. Yet, this can be used for any kind of patient, because the solution is very safe. It can be proposed to pregnant women, and for newborn babies and children as well as other types of patient.

Because heartburn natural relief uses exclusively natural remedies to handle heartburn, there are no negative impacts on your system. This form of treatment gets results while using a gentle, but effective approach. When the natural heartburn really treatment is teamed up with a holistic approach, it works even better. This approach focuses on necessary lifestyle changes so as to fix heartburn quickly and effectively, unlike conventional medication.



Gregory

Juliet Cohen asked:


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a more serious form of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is common. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagus. GER is also called acid reflux or acid regurgitation, because digestive juices called acids rise up with the food. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, affects at least an estimated 5% to 7% of the global population – men, women, and children. The main symptom of GERD in adults is frequent heartburn, also called acid indigestion.

Burning-type pain in the lower region of the mid-chest, behind the bosom ivory, and in the mid-abdomen. Most children under 12 years with GERD, and some adults, have GERD without heartburn. Anatomical abnormalities such as a hiatal hernia may too add to GERD. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper region of the abdomen and the LES go above the diaphragm, the muscle fence that separates the abdomen from the chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps the LES hold acidic from rising upward into the esophagus. When a hiatal hernia is existing, acid reflux can happen more well. A hiatal hernia can happen in folk of any age.

Anti-reflux operations may assist a tiny amount of patients who have relentless symptoms despite medical handling. One of the simplest treatments for GERD is referred to as life-style changes, a combination of several changes in habit, especially related to eating. There are too original therapies that can be performed through an endoscope for reflux. Certain foods are known to cut the force in the lower esophageal sphincter and thereby encourage reflux. These foods should be avoided and include chocolate, peppermint, alcohol, and caffeinated drinks. Fatty foods and smoking too cut the force in the sphincter and encourage reflux.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. If you smoke, stop.

2. Lose weight if needed.

3. Eat small, frequent meals.

4. Wear loose-fitting clothes.

5. Avoid lying down for 3 hours after a meal.

6. Avoid foods and activities that worsen symptoms.

7. Prokinetics help strengthen the LES and make the stomach empty faster.

8. Antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer and Riopan recommended to relieve heartburn.



Lillie

Juliet Cohen asked:


Scleroderma also known as systemic sclerosis. Scleroderma is an autoimmune, connective tissue disease. Scleroderma causes inflammation and thickening of the skin. Genes may play in leading to the development of scleroderma. Scleroderma is a diffuse connective tissue disease characterized by changes in the skin, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, and internal organs. A connective tissue disease is one that affects tissues such as skin, tendons, and cartilage. In some cases, scleroderma also affects the blood vessels and internal organs. Scleroderma is one of a group of arthritic conditions called connective tissue disorders. In these disorders, a person’s antibodies are directed against his or her own tissues. Scleroderma can be classified in terms of the degree and location of the skin involvement. Accordingly, scleroderma has been categorized into two major groups, diffuse and limited. Diffuse form of scleroderma is involves symmetric thickening of skin of the extremities, face, trunk (chest, back, abdomen, or flanks) which can rapidly progress to hardening after an early inflammatory phase.Organ disease can occur early on and be serious. Organs affected include the esophagus, bowels, lungs with scarring (fibrosis), heart, and kidneys.

Limited scleroderma typically has gradual onset and is restricted to certain areas of the skin. Raynaud’s phenomenon is due to vasoconstriction of the small arteries of exposed peripheries – particularly the hands and feet – in the cold. The skin changes and other features of disease tend to occur more slowly than in the diffuse form. Because a characteristic clinical pattern can occur in patients with the limited form of scleroderma, this form has taken another name which is composed of the first initials of the common components. Telangiectasia a condition caused by the swelling of tiny blood vessels, in which small red spots appear on the hands and face. While not painful, these red spots can create cosmetic problems. Genetic predisposition appears to be limited: genetic concordance is small; still, there often is a familial predisposition for autoimmune disease. Polymorphisms in COL1A and TGF-ß1 may influence severity and development of the disease. There is limited evidence implicating cytomegalovirus (CMV) as the original epitope of the immune reaction, and organic solvents and other chemical agents have been linked with scleroderma.

Scleroderma affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Scleroderma affecting the esophagus leads to heartburn. This is directly a result of stomach acid backflowing up into the esophagus. Sometimes this can lead to scarring of the esophagus with difficulty swallowing and/or localized pain in the central chest. It is four times as common in women than in men. Incidence rates are estimated at 2-20 per million per year in the United States. Scleroderma affecting the large bowel (colon) most often causes constipation, but can also lead to cramping and diarrhea. When this is severe, it complete stool blockage (fecal impaction) can result. Inflammation of the lungs in scleroderma can cause scarring, resulting in shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion. Elevated pressure in the arteries to the lungs (pulmonary hypertension) can also cause shortness of breath and difficulty getting an adequate breath with activity. Elevated blood pressure is potentially serious and can lead to kidney damage. Symptoms include headache, fatigue, and in severe cases, stroke.

Scleroderma can affect many different organs and organ systems. Exposure to industrial solvents or an environmental agent may play a role in predisposing to scleroderma. Medications that help with blood circulation such as, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and low-dose enteric-coated aspirin. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) drug has relatively few side effects, and it’s also effective for the arthritis that can be associated with scleroderma. Apart from hydroxychloroquine’s apparent ability to affect the way immune cells work, scientists don’t completely understand how it helps tame the disease process. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) is sometimes used to treat pulmonary fibrosis. People with scleroderma-related lung disease found cyclophosphamide modestly improved lung function and quality of life. Bosentan (Tracleer) is an oral medication that has been approved for pulmonary hypertension in people with scleroderma. Esophagus irritation and heartburn can be relieved with omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), or lansoprazole (Prevacid). Antacids can also be helpful. Elevating the head of the bed can reduce backflow of acid into the esophagus that causes inflammation and heartburn. Avoiding caffeine and cigarette smoking also helps.



Edward

Juliet Cohen asked:


Chest pain is one of the most terrifying symptoms a person can have. There are various likely causes of chest pain. Some causes are softly inconvenient, while other causes are serious, even life-threatening. Chest pain may be caused by poor blood flow to the heart leading to angina or by a sudden stopage in the coronary arteries ensuing in a heart attack. Other causes of chest pain involveasthma, pneumonia, strain or inflammation of the muscles. Chest pain that is crushing or compressing or feels like a massive weight on the chest. Coronary spasm can cause deviating degrees of chest pain.

In coronary spasm, arteries that add blood to your heart go into spasm, temporarily closing down blood flux to your heart. Chest pain related with anxiety and panic attacks is conducted by a feeling of hindering doom, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating and insomnia. Patients may also grump of muscle and joint aches, fatigue and difficulty sleeping. Chest pain can also be associated to problems with your digestive system. These involve stomach ulcer, gallbladder disease, gallstones, indigestion, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux. Treatment of chest pain rely symptoms.

Treatment for a heart attack is level at expanding blood flow by opening arteries blocked or narrowed by a blood clot. Thrombolytics drugs, also called clotbusters, help disintegrate a blood clot that’s blocking blood flow to your heart. Beta blockers drugs help rest your heart muscle, very slow your heart rate and diminish your blood pressure, which decreases the exact on your heart. These medications help restrict the amount of damage during a heart attack and prevent a second heart attack. Ranolazine (Ranexa) is a relatively new drug for treating chronic angina.

It’s used only when other anti-anginal drugs haven’t worked. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers drugs allow blood to stream from your heart more simply. These drugs also lower blood pressure and may cure a second heart attack. Surgery may be needed if medical treatment is not work properly. Surgical repair is required for any dissection that includes the rising (upward) portion of the aorta. Surgery is usual needed to treat any of the above result of non-cardiac chest pain. Close monitoring is needed to avoid lowering the blood pressure too much, which can be dangerous.



Carolyn

Juana Cruz asked:


You can not pinpoint to only one heartburn cause. Heartburn can be triggered by so many factors, and that depends on your lifestyle.

Heartburn happens when the acidic stomach contents containing pepsin irritate the esophagus, something which should not happen if the lower esophageal muscle is firmly closed. But as I said, there are many causes that make the LES weaken, paving way for the stomach contents.

So, what causes heartburn?

1. Smoking. Nicotine is found to make the LES relax, cuasing heartburn. If you are a smoker, you are likely to be prone to heartburn by seventy percent, compared to non smokers, and if you are a smoker and already have heartburn, your symptoms will be much worse.

2. Alcohol. Another heartburn cause, this also irritates the esophagus and causes too much production of acids in the body.

3. Fatty food. Fat is the worst digestive stimulant which is hard to digest, which irritates the digestive tract and puts too much pressure on the abdomen, which later causes the LES to relax.

4. Pregnancy and obesity. Having too much pressure around the abdomen will force the stomach contents upwards, causing heartburn to some.

5. Lying down after eating will cause the stomach contents to be pushed to the esophagus instead of staying close down there.

6. Chocolates, tea and coffee have theobromine, a compound found in cocoa, coffee and tea plants, which

is shown to irritate the esophagus.

Now that you know the top heartburn causes, the next thing you should do is to stop heartburn. There are many ways how to get rid of heartburn, you just have to visit my blog for more tips.

And for a natural treatment for heartburn, read “Heartburn No More” By Jeff Martin. The information on the book can be found in my byline.



Edith